Improvement in magneto-electric machines



2 Sheets--Sheet1.-

B. FULLER. Magneto-Electric Machine. No. 168,893, Patented0ct.19,l875.

IVNVENTOR.

0 N4 PETERS, PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON, D, C.

v 2Sheets--Sheet2. J. B. FULLER.

Magneto-Electric Machin e No.168,893. Patented0ct.19,l875.

WITNESSES. .MMXW

IINVENTOR.

N.PETERS, PHOTO-LITHDGHAPHER. WASHINGTON, D O.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

JIM BILLINGS FULLER, OF BROOKLYN NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 168,893, dated October19, 1875; application filed July 30, 1875.

To all whom it may concern,-

Be it known that I, JIM BILLINGS FULL R,

. chines, which improvements are fully set forth in the followingspecification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, inwhich similar letters indicate corresponding parts in each figure.

I am aware that induced electric currents have been generated insectional coils of insulated wire surrounding a ring or cylinder ofiron, and caused to revolve between magnetic poles, as described inLetters Patent No. 120,057 but it will be evident to those familiar withmagneto-electricity that in a coil so constructed the magnetic lines offorce operating upon said coil, inducing currents therein, will causesaid currents, thus induced at the magnetic poles, to meet each other atpoints midway between said poles, where there is but little magnetic orelectric efiect.

My improvement consists in combining together the electric waves orimpulses induced alternately in opposite directions in the armature of amagneto-electric machine, and forming them into constant currentsflowing uniformly in one direction, by the employment of radial armsarranged around a shaft or cylinder and Wound with coils of insulatedwire, the ends of which are so joined as to form a series of connectedradial electro-magnetic coils, communicating at proper points withcorresponding parts of a sectional commutator, and caused to revolvebetween or near alternately-opposite magnetic poles, whereby saidelectric waves thus induced in the said coils are collected together intwo equal elec-.

tric currents of similar name, and caused to.

flow each in opposite directions from one of said poles, through all theintermediate coils, to a point in said wire nearest the next oppositepole, where said currents meet and combine, passing through an externalcircuit inone direction, and'whereby said currents are also delivered atthe points in the armature which, for the time being, are situatednearest the said magnetic poles, where the magnetic and electric energyis the strongest.

My improvement also consists in pointed or tapering or angular magneticpoles, as hereinafter described, whereby the abrupt falling 0E of themagnetic force is prevented and the resulting current rendered moreuniform.

A A represent several radial iron arms or cores arranged around andsecured to the cylinder A in any convenient manner, each being coveredwith a coil of insulated wire, B B. 0 represents the outer end of onecoil, and O the inner end of the next coil, these ends being joinedtogether and connected to a section of the commutator D, as shown. Thiscommutator is made, in any convenient form, into the number of sectionscorresponding to the number of radial arms, each section being insulatedfrom the other, and also from the shaft and armature. E is the shaft,upon which the arms revolve in suitable bearings, andit may be providedwith any convenient means for receivin g rotary motion. F F are metalsprings, which bear' on the commutator for conveying the currentsthrough the external circuit J.

G and G are fixed magnets. His the positive pole, and H the negative.The magnetic poles are situated diametrically opposite each other. Thesepoles are pointed or tapered toward the neutral point, as indicated byII 1 I. K is the bed-plate on which the apparatus rests, being made ofwood or other non-magnetic material.

Anydesired number of arms may be employed, and may be placed in linewith the shaft, or at any desired angle therefrom; and, although Iprefer to' set them radially, the

outer ends may be inclined either forward or back.

ny number of fixed, permanent, or electro magnets may be used, andcurrents from a galvanic battery, from a magneto-electric machine, or asuitable number of coils from the above-described machine, may beemployed for magnetizing the electro-magnets; or two coils may be placedon each arm, the outer coils connected to one commutator, and the innercoils connected to the other commutator., One set of coils may beemployed for exciting the above-named fixed electro-magnets, while theother set send their currents through an external circuit, to be used asdesired.

There should be as many commutatorsprings for each commutator as thereare magnetic poles, and each spring should hear on the section of thecommutator which, for the time being, communicates with the radial armsnearest the poles. Each set of springs will deliver separate currents,which may be used separately or together, as desired.

It is well known that magnetic force is weakened in proportion to thesquare of the dis tance from the poles; therefore, it will be seen thatthe tapering poles herein shown prevent this abrupt falling off ofmagnetic force, as applied to the revolving armature, and cause theelectric waves to be gradually reduced on one side of the poles, andgradually increased on the other. The difference in the waves may becompared by reference to Fig. 6, corresponding with the straight pole,and Fig. 7, corresponding with the tapering one.

L and L, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, represent the electric waves formed fromstraight-faced magnetic poles. M and M, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, represent thewaves as formed by the tapering holes, the latter, when lapped together,forming currents sufficiently uniform for all practical purposes.

I prefer to have these poles taper from both ends to a point at or nearthe center; but the. taper may be all on one side, so that one end .ofthe armature will leave the poles before the other end, and in that waygradually lose its magnetic influence; or the magnetic poles; may be setat any-angle from the axis-line which will produce the same effect.

In a machine used for telegraphic purposes, having several sets ofmagnets and springs, and consequently several complete circuits, eachcircuit may be employed separately for separate lines of telegraph; orseveral circuits may be combined together for long lines, and onecircuit may be used, instead of a local battery, for operating thesounder while a number of circuits combined are working the main line.

ing magnetic strength while passing from the neutral point to the mostintense magnetic point in the poles; and this increase induces in thesurrounding coil an electric wave of increasing intensity in onedirection, dependent upon the direction of motion of the armature. Now,the instant the arm, in its revolution, passes by and moves away fromthis point, and its magnetic strength begins to decrease, this waveinstantly breaks, and another wave of the same polarity, but in oppositedirection, and at first of maximum intensity, is commenced in the coil,which intensity decreases as the arm approaches the external circuit.

The operation of this apparatus and the formation of currents thereinare as follows; .Each arm, in its revolution, receives increas- Thetendency of the two positive waves would be to neutralize each other byseparation; but, the spring acting upon two sections of the commutatorat that point, and at the same moment, the said waves pass in oppositedirections around the coils. At the neutral point a change in thesewaves thus formed takes place, not in direction, but from positive tonegative, and that change greatly intensifies the waves. Thus it will beseen that a current passing from the external circuit divides at thesection of the commutator then nearest the north pole into two lessercurrents, one of which passes to the right and the other to the leftthrough all the intermediate connected coils, meeting again in thesection of the commutators nearest the south pole, and combining in theexternal circuit in one cur rent.

Fig. 5 represents the direction in which the currents flow while in thearmature, and also through the external circuit. The whole arrows showthe positive and dotted arrows the negative currents. 1

There are constantly one series of positive and one series of negativewaves passing in the direction of rotation ofthe armature. There arealso one series of positive and one of negative waves passing in theopposite direction; and these waves are the most energetic when thecoils in which they are induced are nearest the poles.

While one positive(+ wave grows positively weaker as the coil in whichit is induced is passing away from the north pole, another positive wavewill be growing positively stronger as the coil in which it is inducedapproaches the opposite side of the north pole. At the same time, whileone negative wave grows negatively weaker as the coil in which it isinduced moves away from the south pole, another negative wave will begrowing negatively stronger as the coil in which it is inducedapproaches the opposite side of the south pole. Therefore, waves thusformed, flowing through the whole series of coils, and combined togetherin the external circuit, tend to give uniformity to the current.

It will be seen, also, that there will be many of these waves passingthrough the series at the same moment, each lapping over the next, andthereby giving additional uniformity to the current.

The magnetic poles tapering toward th neutral point prevent the strengthof the waves from falling off abruptly, and equalize the strength of theresulting. current.

The springs should be so set as to bear on at least. two sections of thecommutator at the same moment, so as to prevent any break in thecurrent.

These machines may be employed for electroplating, electric light, orother industrial purpose, but are especially intended for producingcurrents uniform in quantity, intensity, and constancy suitable fortelegraph purtinuously at the points in the wire forming poses. saidcoils nearest said poles, or where the I claim magnetic force isstrongest. 1. The combination of the arms a, the coils 2. The magneticpoles h and h, having I), and the sectional commutator d, when thepoints or angles tapering toward the neutral ends of the wire formingsaid coils are conmagnetic point, substantially as and for the nectedtogether, and to the commutator, subpurpose specified.

stantially as set forth, said coils being caused to revolve between ornear alternately oppo- JIM BILLINGS FULLER site magnetic polesdeveloping electric Waves Witnesses:

or currents in said coils, and the currents de- MARTIN BAUER,

veloped being received and discharged con- PHILIP S. PENTZ.

